valve Archives

The main classification and use conditions of valve sealing materials

September 10, 2020

The valve seal is the most important part of the entire valve. Its main purpose is to prevent leakage. The valve sealing

soft sealing marine valve, rubber sealing, valve seat parts

seat is also called a sealing ring. It is an organization that directly contacts the medium in the pipeline and prevents the medium from flowing. When the valve is in use, there are a variety of different media in the pipeline, such as liquid, gas, oil, corrosive media, etc., and different valve seals are used in different places and can adapt to various medium.
Then, valve seal materials can be divided into two major categories, namely, metallic materials and non-metallic materials. Non-metallic seals are generally used for pipelines at room temperature and pressure, while metal seals are widely used and can be used for high temperature and high pressure!
The following briefly introduces the use conditions of various sealing materials and the commonly used valve types.

1. Synthetic rubber
Synthetic rubber is better than natural rubber in oil resistance, temperature resistance and corrosion resistance. Generally, the use temperature of synthetic rubber t≤150℃, natural rubber t≤60℃, and rubber is used for the sealing of stop valves, gate valves, diaphragm valves, butterfly valves, check valves, pinch valves and other valves with a nominal pressure of PN≤1MPa. Commonly used types of synthetic rubber: NBR, EPDM, VITON.
2. Nylon
Nylon has the characteristics of low friction coefficient and good corrosion resistance. Nylon is mostly used for ball valves and globe valves with temperature t≤90℃ and nominal pressure PN≤32MPa.
3. Polytetrafluoroethylene Polytetrafluoroethylene is mostly used for globe valves, gate valves, and ball valves with a temperature t≤232℃ and a nominal pressure of PN≤6.4MPa. Short name: PTFE
4. Cast iron
Cast iron is used for gate valves, stop valves, cock valves, etc. for temperature t≤100℃, nominal pressure PN≤1.6MPa, gas and oil. main types: GI, DI
5. Babbitt alloy
Babbitt alloy is used for ammonia stop valves with temperature t-70~150℃ and nominal pressure PN≤2.5MPa.
6. Copper alloy
Commonly used copper alloy materials include 6-6-3 tin bronze and 58-2-2 manganese brass. Copper alloy has good wear resistance, suitable for water and steam with temperature t≤200℃ and nominal pressure PN≤1.6MPa. It is often used in gate valves, globe valves, check valves, plug valves, etc.
7. Chromium stainless steel
Commonly used grades of chromium stainless steel are 2Cr13 and 3Cr13 after quenching and tempering treatment, which has good corrosion resistance. It is commonly used on valves of water, steam, petroleum and other media with temperature t≤450℃ and nominal pressure PN≤32MPa.
8. Chromium nickel titanium stainless steel
The commonly used grade of chromium nickel titanium stainless steel is 1Cr18Ni9ti, which has good corrosion resistance, erosion resistance and heat resistance. It is suitable for steam, nitric acid and other media with temperature t≤600℃ and nominal pressure PN≤6.4MPa, used in stop valves, ball valves, etc.
9. Nitrided steel
The commonly used grade of nitriding steel is 38CrMoAlA, which has good corrosion resistance and scratch resistance after carburizing treatment. Commonly used for power station gate valves with temperature t≤540℃ and nominal pressure PN≤10MPa.
10. Boronizing
Boronizing is directly processed from the valve body or valve clack body material to form the sealing surface, and then boronizing surface treatment, the sealing surface has good wear resistance. Used in power station blowdown valves. To
When the valve is in use, the matters that should be paid attention to are:
1. The sealing performance of the valve should be tested to ensure its performance.

2. Check whether the sealing surface of the valve is worn, and repair or replace it according to the situation.

Valve material and valve standards-(9)- general valve & parts materials

September 9, 2020

General valve material
The internal material combination specified by API600 for general valve material:

Stem material types	hardness	sealing surface
Stem material types	hardness	seal part no.,	material type	hardness
13Cr	200-275	1	13Cr	≥HB250
		4	13Cr	≥HB750
		5 or 5A	HF	≥HB350
		6	13Cr/NiCu	≥HB750/≥HB175
		7	13Cr/13Cr	≥HB250/≥HB750
		8-8A	13Cr/HF	≥HB250/≥HB350
18Cr-8Ni	no require	2	18Cr-8Ni	no require
25Cr-20Ni		3	25Cr-20Ni
Nickel copper alloy		9	Nickel copper alloy
Nickel copper alloy		11 or 11A	Nickel copper alloy/HF	no require/≥HB350
18Cr-8Ni-Mo		10	18Cr-8Ni-Mo	no require
18Cr-8Ni-Mo		12 or 12A	18Cr-8Ni-Mo/HF	no require/≥HB350
19Cr-29Ni		13	19Cr-29Ni/HF	no require
19Cr-29Ni		14 or 14A	19Cr-29Ni/HF	no require/≥HB350

Commonly used valve trim material combination:

valve stem	sealing surface	valve stem	sealing surface
13Cr	13Cr/13Cr	321	321/321
13Cr	13Cr/STL	321	321/STL
13Cr	STL/STL	321	STL/STL
13Cr	13ZCr/Monel	1Cr18Ni9Ti	1Cr18Ni9Ti/1Cr18Ni9Ti
17-4PH	STL/STL	1Cr18Ni9Ti	1Cr18Ni9Ti/STL
17-4PH	17-4PH/17-4PH	1Cr18Ni9Ti	STL/STL
Monel	Monel/Monel	1Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti	1Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti/1Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti
304	304/304	1Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti	1Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti/STL
304	304/STL	1Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti	STL/STL
304	STL/STL	20 Alloy	20alloy/20alloy
316	316/316	Hastelloy B	Hastelloy B/Hastelloy B
316	316/STL	Hastelloy C	Hastelloy C/Hastelloy C
316	STL/STL	F51	F51/F51
304L	304L/304L	F51	F51/STL
304L	304L/STL	38CrMoALA	STL/STL
304L	STL/STL	25Cr2MoIV A	STL/STL
316L	316L/316L	4Cr10Si2Mo	STL/STL
316L	316L/STL	4Cr14Ni14W2Mo	STL/STL
316L	STL/STL	Inconel	Inconel/Inconel

Commonly used fastener material:

Bolts	Nuts	Max temp °C
35	25	425
35CrMo	35, 45	425
35CrMo	30CrMo	500
25Cr2MoVA	30CrMo	550
0Cr18Ni9	0Cr18Ni9	600
0Cr17Ni12Mo2	0Cr17Ni12Mo2	600
25Cr2Mo1VA	25Cr2Mo1VA	600
25Cr2MoVA	25Cr2MoVA	600

Matching materials of bolts and nuts for American standard valves:

Bolts		nuts		application temp
standard	grade name	standard	grade name	application temp
ASTM A193	B7	ASTM A194	2H	-29/425°C
	B7M		2HM	-29/425°C NACE standard, anti-sulfer valve
	B16		7	-29/593°C
	B8		8	-196/700°C
	B8M		8M	-196/700°C
ASTM A320	L7		4	-46/101°C Cryogenic valve

Chemical composition and mechanical properties of commonly used bolts and nuts for American standard valves:

Chemical composition and mechanical properties of commonly used bolts and nuts for American standard valves

Conditions of use of metal gaskets:

material	HB max	Pressure Mpa(lb)	suitable temp °C
10/08	120	2.0-42(150-2500)	450
0Cr13	170	2.0-15(150-900)	540
0Cr18Ni9	160		600
0Cr17Ni12Mo2	160		600

Spiral wound gasket service conditions:

metal belt material	Non-metallic belt material	Pressure grade Mpa (lb)	suitable temp °C
0Cr18Ni9	flexible graphite	2.0-26(150-1500)	650
0Cr17Ni12Mo2	flexible graphite		650
00Cr17Ni14Mo2	PTFE		200

Conditions for use of metal-clad gasket:

Cladding metal material	HB	filling material	pressure Mpa(lb)	suitable temp °C
Al L3	40	asbestos	2.0-15(150-900)	200
Co T3	60			300
Galvanized steel sheet	90			400
Galvanized steel sheet 08F	90			400
0Cr18Ni9	187			500
00Cr19Ni10
00Cr17Ni14Mo2

Use conditions of flexible graphite composite gasket:

Core board and edging material	pressure grade Mpa (lb)	suitable temp °C
low-carbon steel	2.0-11(150-600)	450
0Cr18Ni9	2.0-11(150-600)	650

Non-metallic gasket usage conditions:

material name	code name	pressure Mpa	suitable temperature °C
natural rubber	NR	2.0	-50/90
Neoprene	CR	2.0	-40/100
NBR	NBR	2.0	-30/110
Ethylbenzene rubber	SBR	2.0	-30/110
EPDM rubber	EPDM	2.0	-40/130
fluororubber	Viton	2.0	-50/200
Asbestos Rubber Sheet	XB350 XB450 NY400	2.0 ≤300 P.T≤650 Mpa °C
Oil-resistant asbestos rubber sheet	XB350 XB450 NY400	2.0 ≤300 P.T≤650 Mpa °C
Modified or filled with PTFE		5.0	-196/260

Comparison table of common metal materials specified by Chinese, Japanese, German, British, American and international standards:

Comparison table of common metal materials specified by Chinese, Japanese, German, British, American and international standards

WC carbon steel +A/B/C –WCA,WCB,WCC

WC carbon steel +ABC –WCA,WCB,WCC

Please see the Full documentation at this link: https://www.tanghaivalve.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/valve-material-and-valve-standards-Detailed-version.pdf

TH Valve is a professional manufacturer of butterfly valve, gate valve, check valve, globe valve, knife gate valve, ball valve with API, JIS, DIN standard, used in Oil, Gas, Marine industry, Water supply and drainage, fire fighting, shipbuilding, water treatment and other systems, with Nominal Diameter of DN50 to DN1200, NBR/EPDM/VITON, Certificates & Approvals: DNV-GL, Lloyds, DNV, BV, API, ABS, CCS. Standards: EN 593, API609, API6D

Valve material and valve standards-(8)- Monel alloy application

September 7, 2020

4. Application of Monel alloy:
The A and E levels of M35-1, M35-2 and QQ-N2-88 are usually used to manufacture refined Monel alloy pumps,

buttefly valve stem shaft parts (6)

valves and accessories. The B-grade (3.5%Si) Monel alloy with the highest Si content is mainly used to manufacture shafts and wear-resistant rings that require good wear resistance due to its high strength, corrosion resistance and wear resistance. Class D (4.0% Si) Monel alloy is used to manufacture parts that require higher wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
Monel alloy valves have two types: integral and internal. The integral Monel alloy valve means that the valve shell and internal parts are all Monel, which is mainly used in the HF acid regeneration tower part of the alkylation unit of the refinery. Due to the high HF acid regeneration temperature (149°C) and high water content, an overall alloy valve is required. In addition, the overall Monel alloy valve is also used in the production of ashless additives for catalysts in refineries and high-concentration chlor-alkali systems in chlor-alkali plants. Situation.
The Monel alloy internal valve means that the valve housing is made of carbon steel or stainless steel, and the internal valve is made of Moenl alloy. The Monel alloy valve with carbon steel as the shell is mainly used in the low temperature area of the HF calculation system of the alkylation unit of the refinery. The use of carbon steel is good for low temperature (≤71°C) anhydrous hydrofluoric acid (HF) However, carbon steel will form a film on its surface due to corrosion when used in this working condition for a long time. If carbon steel is used in the valve sealing part, the film formed after corrosion will affect the sealing performance of the valve. It should be pointed out that the commonly used Cr13 type sealing material for carbon steel valves cannot resist the corrosion of HF acid, and the internal material is much cheaper for Monel alloy valves. The Monel alloy valve with carbon steel as the shell can also be used in working conditions such as sea water. The valve housing is made of stainless steel Monel alloy internal valve, which is used in ethylene, propylene, liquid oxygen, pure oxygen, sea water and other working conditions. The monolithic Monel alloy valve and Monel alloy internal valve used in the alkylation unit require a pressure level of CL300 from a safety point of view. The pressure level of Monel alloy internal valve for other working conditions is CL150 and CL300. Or PN116-614Mpa etc.
5. Melting and casting of monel alloy:
The smelting and casting technology of Monel alloy is the key to determine whether the qualified Monel alloy castings can be produced. Because Moenl alloy has developed dendrites, shrinkage cavities and porosity, the tendency of gas absorption (hydrogen absorption, oxygen absorption) is great, and it will Sulfurizing chemical reaction occurs with molding materials. From a safety point of view, Monel alloy valves are required to undergo radiographic inspection in accordance with Class A pipeline valves in highly toxic and dangerous media such as hydrofluoric acid, chlorine and hydrogen chloride gas. . Although the American standard points out that casting M35-1 can be welded, in fact its weldability is extremely poor, and the quality of repaired castings is difficult to guarantee. The density of M35-1 alloy is 8163t/m3 (at 20°C), the solidification shrinkage rate is 21mm/m, and the alloy melting point is 1315-1345°C. The Class A and Class E of M35-1, M35-2 and QQ-N2-88 are delivered as cast. Although there are many grades of cast Monel alloy, when used to cast Monel alloy valve castings, M35-1 in ASTMA494 is mainly used.
Cast Monel alloy and deformed Monel alloy have little change in chemical composition (Table 4), but this change satisfies its better deformability for deformation and gold, while it provides better casting for cast alloys. performance. This is the reason why cast Monel alloy grades are used when casting, and deformed Monel alloy grades are used when selecting rolling materials.
Table 4. Commonly used cast and deformed Monel alloy chemical composition of valves (%)

Grade name	chemical composition /%
Grade name	C	Mn	Si	P	S	Cu	Fe	Ni	others
M35-1	≤0.35	≤1.5	≤1.25	≤0.03	≤0.03	26-33	≤3.5	Ba
Monel400	≤0.30	≤2.0	≤0.5		≤0.024	Ba	≤2.5	63-70
MonelK500	≤0.25	≤1.5	≤0.5		≤0.01	Ba	≤2.0	63-70	Al2.5-3.5, Ti0.35-0.85

6. Conclusion
The current U.S. technical standards for Monel alloys include ASTM, SAE, AMS (American Aeronautical Standards Institute), MIL (U.S. Department of Defense Standards), ANSI, ASME and QQ (American Federal Standards). For the Monel alloy of the same grade, different technical specification systems are adopted, not only the representation method of the grade is different, but the number and content of the specification are not completely the same. Usually military products use MIL, QQ or AMS specifications, and civil products use ASTM and ASME specifications.

TH Valve is a professional manufacturer of butterfly valve, gate valve, check valve, globe valve, knife gate valve, ball valve with API, JIS, DIN standard, used in Oil, Gas, Marine industry, Water supply and drainage, fire fighting, shipbuilding, water treatment and other systems, with Nominal Diameter of DN50 to DN1200, NBR/EPDM/VITON, Certificates & Approvals: DNV-GL, Lloyds, DNV, BV, API, ABS, CCS. Standards: EN 593, API609, API6D.

Valve material and valve standards-(7)- Monel alloy

September 7, 2020

Monel alloy for corrosion resistant valve
1. Introduction/overview of Monel alloy:
Monel alloy, cast nickel alloy, Hastelloy alloy, etc. are all materials for making special purpose valves. Monel alloy is a Ni-Cu alloy in nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloys. It was first developed by the US Nickel Company. Its typical composition is 70% Ni and 30% Cu. It is the most widely used nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloy.

Monel alloy not only has high strength and toughness, but also has excellent resistance to corrosion by reducing acid and strong alkali media and sea water, so it is usually used to manufacture and transport hydrofluoric acid (HF), salt water, neutral media, and alkali salts. And reducing acid medium equipment. Monel alloy is also suitable for dry chlorine, hydrogen chloride, high temperature chlorine (425°C) and high temperature hydrogen chloride and other media, but it is not resistant to corrosion by sulfur-containing media and oxidizing media (such as nitric acid, media with high oxygen content), and it is nickel It reacts violently with sulfur and oxygen and easily forms Ni3S2 and NiO.

2. Performance of Monel alloy:
Monel alloy is a Ni-Cu solid solution, where Cu is used as a non-oxidizing resist added to Ni, which improves the corrosion resistance of nickel alloys and acts as a strengthening alloy. The addition of C can improve the casting performance of the alloy, but only 0.15% of C can be dissolved in the alloy at room temperature, and the excess C will be precipitated as a graphite phase. Adding 1.5%-3.5% Fe can also improve the casting performance of the alloy. Adding Mn and Si can improve the mechanical properties of the alloy, especially the content of Si has an important influence on the mechanical and physical properties of the Monel alloy.

3. Classification of Monel alloy:
Monel alloys are classified into casting alloys and deformed alloys.
3.1 Deformation alloy: There are more than 10 types of deformed Monel alloys in the United States, such as Monel400, MonelC, Monel403, Monel404, Monel R2405, Monel406, Monel411, MonelK500, MonelK501 and Monel502. Because Monel has its own representation methods in different American standard systems, SAE and ASTM jointly developed ASTM2SAE unified digital system (unified numbt system2 UNS) in order to facilitate the use and unified management of calculations. In the United States’ UNS, nickel alloys have 5 grades of deformed Monel alloys, including solid solution hardened No5500 (Monel400), No4404 (Monel404) and No4405 (MonelR2405), and precipitation hardened NO5500 (MonelK500) and NO5502 (Monel502). ) Etc. (refer to Table 1). Among them, the deformed Monel alloy commonly used in the manufacture of corrosion-resistant valves is Monel400 and MonelK500.
Table 1. Chemical composition of deformed Monel alloy in United States UNS

Grade name	chemical composition/ %
Grade name	C	Si	Mn	S	Ni	Fe	others
NO4400(Monel400)	≤0.3	≤0.5	2	≤0.024	63-70	≤2.5	Cu base
No4404(Monel404)	≤0.15	≤0.1	≤0.1	≤0.024	52-57	≤0.5	Cu base, Al≤0.05
No4405(MonelR2405)	≤0.3	≤0.5	≤2.0	0.025-0.06	63-70	≤2.5	Cu base
No5500(MonelK500)	≤0.25	≤0.5	≤1.5	≤0.01	63-70	≤2	Cu base, Al213-3115,Ti0135-0185
NO5502(Monel502)	≤0.10	≤0.5	≤1.5	≤0.01	63-70	≤2	Cu base, Al215-315

3.2 Casting alloy: The American cast Monel alloy has five grades of M35-1, M35-2, M-30H, M-25S and M-30C in ASTM A494 (Table 2), which is in the US Federal Standard QQ-N2-88 There are also 5 cast Monel alloys (Table 3).
Table 2. Cast Monel alloy in ASTM A494:

grade name

chemical composition /%

mechanical properties

C

Mn

Si

P.S

Cu

Fe

Ni

Nb

Compressive strength/Mpa

Tensile strength/Mpa

Elongation rate/%

HB

M35-1(a)

≤0.35

≤1.5

≤1.25

≤0.03

26-33

≤3.5

Ba

≥450

≥170

≥25

M35-2

≤0.35

≤1.5

≤2.00

≤0.03

26-33

≤3.5

Ba

≥450

≥205

≥25

M-30H

≤0.30

≤1.5

2.7-3.7

≤0.03

27-33

≤3.5

Ba

≥690

≥415

≥10

M-25S

≤0.25

≤1.5

3.5-4.5

≤0.03

27-33

≤3.5

Ba

243-294(b)

M-30C(a)

≤0.30

≤1.5

1.0-2.0

≤0.03

26-33

≤3.5

Ba

1-3

≥450

≥225

≥25

125-130(b)

Notes:
1.Ba=balance, means the balance is all Ni content.
2. To remove the weldability, it should be M3521 or M230C
3. This table is a data parameter
4. HB minimum is 300
Table 3 QQ2N2288 cast Monel alloy:

QQ-N-288	chemical composition /%							mechanical properties
QQ-N-288	C	Si	Mn	Cu	Fe	Ni	Nb	Compressive strength/Mpa	Tensile strength/Mpa	Elongation rate/%	HB
A	≤0.35	≤2.0	≤1.5	26-33	≤2.5	62-68		≥448	≥224	≥25	125-150
B	≤0.30	2.7-3.7	≤1.5	27-33	≤2.5	61-68		≥689	≥455	≥10	240-290
C	≤0.20	3.3-4.5	≤1.5	27-31	≤2.5	≥60		≥825	≥550	≥10	250-300
D	≤0.25	3.5-4.5	≤1.5	27-31	≤2.5	≥60					≥300
E	≤0.30	1.0-2.0	≤1.5	26-33	≤2.5	≥60	1-3	≥448	≥221	≥25	125-150

TH Valve is a professional manufacturer of butterfly valve, gate valve, check valve, globe valve, knife gate valve, ball valve with API, JIS, DIN standard, used in Oil, Gas, Marine industry, Water supply and drainage, fire fighting, shipbuilding, water treatment and other systems, with Nominal Diameter of DN50 to DN1200, NBR/EPDM/VITON, Certificates & Approvals: DNV-GL, Lloyds, DNV, BV, API, ABS, CCS. Standards: EN 593, API609, API6D.

Valve material and valve standards-(6)-gasket material

September 3, 2020

Valve Gasket material:
The gasket is used to fill all the unevenness between the two joint surfaces (such as the sealing surface between the valve body and the bonnet) to prevent the medium from leaking between the joint surfaces.

lug type butterfly valve, ductile iron, center lined,

1. Requirements for gaskets: The gasket material has a certain degree of elasticity, plasticity and sufficient strength at working temperature to ensure sealing. At the same time, it must have good corrosion resistance.

2. Types and selection of gasket materials: gaskets are divided into two types: soft and hard. The soft is generally non-metallic materials, such as cardboard, rubber, asbestos rubber sheet, and PTFE. Hardness is generally metal material or metal-coated asbestos, metal and asbestos entangled, etc.

There are many forms of gaskets, including flat, round, oval, tooth-shaped, lens-shaped and other special shapes.
Metal gaskets are generally made of 08, 10, 20 high-quality carbon steel and 1Cr13, 1Cr18Ni9 stainless steel, which require high machining accuracy and surface finish, and are suitable for high temperature and high pressure valves.
Non-metallic gasket materials generally have good plasticity and can be sealed with less pressure, which is suitable for low temperature and low pressure valves.
The gasket material can be selected according to Table 5-4.

Gasket material	medium	Pressure/Mpa	Temp/°C
cardboard	water, oil	≤10	40
Oil-impregnated cardboard	water, oil	≤10	40
rubber board	water,air	≤6	50
asbestos board	steam, gas	≤6	450
PTFE	corrosive	≤25	200
rubber asbestos board XB-450	water steam, air, gas	≤60	450
XB-350	water steam, air, gas	≤40	350
XB-250	water steam, air, gas	≤15	200
Oil-resistant rubber asbestos sheet	oil	160	30
08 steel and XB-450 filling	steam	100	450
08 steel and XB-350 filling	steam	40	350
1Cr13,0Cr13 and asbestos filling	steam	100	600
08 steel and oil-resistant rubber and asbestos filling	oil	100	350
copper	water steam,air	100	250
aluminium	water steam,air	64	350
10steel, 20steel	water steam, oil	2–	450
1Cr13	steam	200	550
1Cr3Ni9	steam	200	600

Attached Table 1-2 Common Materials for Valve Trim:

internal parts material	suitable temp/°C	internal parts material	suitable temp/°C
304	-268/316	SS440 60RC	-29/427
316	-268/316	17-4PH	-40/427
bronze	-273/232	6 alloy(Co-Cr)	-273/816
inconel alloy	-240/649	Electroless Nickel	-268/427
K monel alloy	-240/482	chrome	-273/316
monel alloy	-240/482	NBR	-40/93
hastelloy B	-198/371	Viton	-23/204
hastelloy C	-198/538	PTFE	200
Titanium alloy	-29/316	Nylon	-73/93
Nickel alloy	-198/316	Polyethylene	-73/93
20 alloy	-46/316	Neoprene	-40/82
SS416 40RC	-29/427

Attached Table 1-3 Common materials and operating temperature of valve sealing surface:

Sealing surface material	temp range / °C	hardness	suitable medium
bronze	-273/232		water, seawater, air,oxygen,saturated vapor
316L	-268/316	14HRC	Slightly corrosive and non-impact media like steam, water, oil, gas,liquid gas
17-4PH	-40/400	40-50HRC	slightly corrosive and impact medium
Cr13	-101/400	37-42HRC	slightly corrosive and impact medium
Stellite alloy	-268/650	40-45HRC (normal temp); 38HRC (650°C)	impact and corrosive medium
Monel alloy KS	-240/482	27-35HRC, 30-38HRC	Air-free acid solution like alkali, salt,food
Hastelloy CB	371, 538	14HRC, 23HRC	Corrosive mineral acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, wet hydrochloric acid gas, chlorine-free acid solution, strong oxidizing medium
20 alloy	-45.6/316	36-61HRC	Oxidizing medium and various concentrations of sulfuric acid

Material table of stem, sealing surface, gasket, packing and fastener of cast iron valve:

name	standard	material name	remarks
Vlave stem	ASTM A182	F6a
	ASTM A276	410,420
	GB/T 1220	1Cr13, 2Cr13
sealing surface	GB/T 1176	ZCuZn25A15Fe3Mn3	Cast aluminum brass
		ZCuZn38Mn2Pb2	Cast manganese brass
		ZCuS19Mn2, ZCuAl10Fe3	cast aluminum bronze
	GB/T 1220	1Cr13,2Cr13,1Cr18Ni9,1Cr18Ni9Ti
		PTFE
		rubber
gasket	GB/T 3985	XB350,XB450	rubber asbesto sheet
		1Cr13/XB450	Spiral wound gasket
	GB/T 3985	1Cr18Ni9/XB450	Spiral wound gasket
filler		PTFE
filler	JB/T 6617	flexible graphite ring
fastener	GB/T 699	bolt 35/nut25
fastener	GB/T 3077, GB/T 699	bolt 30CrMo, 35CrMo/nut 35,45

TH Valve is a professional manufacturer of butterfly valve, gate valve, check valve, globe valve, knife gate valve, ball valve with API, JIS, DIN standard, used in Oil, Gas, Marine industry, Water supply and drainage, fire fighting, shipbuilding, water treatment and other systems, with Nominal Diameter of DN50 to DN1200, NBR/EPDM/VITON, Certificates & Approvals: DNV-GL, Lloyds, DNV, BV, API, ABS, CCS. Standards: EN 593, API609, API6D

Valve material and valve standards-(5)-packing material

September 3, 2020

Packing /Filler material:
On the valve, the packing is used to fill the space of the valve cover packing chamber to prevent the medium from leaking through the valve stem and the bonnet packing chamber.

ductile iron, DI, butterfly valve, manufacturer, center line, TH valve

Requirements for packing.

1. Good corrosion resistance, the filler must be able to withstand the corrosion of the medium in contact with the medium.
2. Good airtightness, the packing will not leak under the action of the medium and working temperature.
3. The friction coefficient is small to reduce the friction torque between the valve stem and the packing.

Types of filler:

1. Soft filler: it is a string woven from plant matter, that is hemp, flax, cotton, jute, etc., or mineral, that is, asbestos fiber, or asbestos fiber with metal wire inside and graphite powder coated on the outside. Pressed molding fillers, and flexible graphite filler materials developed in recent years.
Vegetable packing is often used for low pressure valves below 100°C; mineral packing can be used for valves with 450-500°C. In recent years, the temperature of structural media using rubber O-rings as fillers is generally limited to below 60°C.
The packing on the high temperature and high pressure valve is also made of pure asbestos and flake graphite powder.

2. Hard filler: that is, filler made of metal or metal mixed with asbestos and graphite and filler formed by pressing and sintering of PTFE, metal filler is used less.

Selection of filling material:
The choice of packing should be based on the medium, temperature and pressure. The commonly used materials are as follows:

1. Oil-impregnated asbestos rope, can be selected according to Table 5-2
2. Rubber asbestos rope, can be selected according to 5-3
3. Graphite asbestos rope: The asbestos rope is coated with graphite powder, the usable temperature is above 450°C, and the pressure can reach 16MPA, which is generally suitable for high-pressure steam. Lately, it gradually adopts the compressed herringbone type packing, which is placed in a single circle and has good sealing performance.
4. Polytetrafluoroethylene: This is a kind of filler that is currently widely used. Especially suitable for corrosive media, but the temperature should not exceed 200°C. Generally, it is made by pressing or rod car.

Fig.5-2:

Material	Grade name	shape	size(dia or square)	Max Pressure kgf/cm2	max temp/ °C	application
Oil-impregnated asbestos rope	YS450	F	3,4,5,6,8,10,13,16,19,22,25	60	450	water, steam,air,petroleum products
		Y	5,6,8,10,13,16,19,22,25
		N	3,5,6,8,10,13,16,19,22,25
	YS350	F,Y,N	3,5,6,8,10,13,16,19,22,25	45	350
	YS250	F,Y,N	3,5,6,8,10,13,16,19,22,25	45	250

Note: The shape code F means square, through the heart or one or more layers of weaving; Y means round, with a twisted core in the middle and one or more layers of weaving on the outside; N means twisted.

Fig.5-3:

Material	Grade name	size(dia or square)	Max Pressure kgf/cm2	max temp/ °C	application
Rubber, asbestos, packing	XS450	3,4,5,6,8,10,13,16,19,22,25,28	60	450	steam,petroleum products
	XS350		45	350
	XS250		45	250

TH Valve is a professional manufacturer of butterfly valve, gate valve, check valve, globe valve, knife gate valve, ball valve with API, JIS, DIN standard, used in Oil, Gas, Marine industry, Water supply and drainage, fire fighting, shipbuilding, water treatment and other systems, with Nominal Diameter of DN50 to DN1200, NBR/EPDM/VITON, Certificates & Approvals: DNV-GL, Lloyds, DNV, BV, API, ABS, CCS. Standards: EN 593, API609, API6D

Valve material and valve standards-(4)-fastener material

September 3, 2020

Fastener materials: Fasteners mainly include bolts, studs and nuts. The fastener directly bears the pressure on the

bolts and nuts for butterfly valve

valve, which plays a key role in preventing the outflow of the medium. Therefore, the selected material must ensure sufficient strength and impact toughness at the operating temperature.

When selecting fastener materials according to medium pressure and temperature, the following table can be selected:

Name	Pn(Mpa)	medium temp /°C
		300	350	400	425	450	530
bolt Stud bolt	1.6-2.5	Q235(A3)		35		30CrMoA	–
	4.0-10.0	35				35CrMoA	25Cr2MoVA
	16.0-20.0	30CrMoA		35CrMoA			25Cr2MoVA
nut	1.6-2.5	Q235(A3)		30		35
	4.0-10.0	30				35	35CrMoA
	16.0-20.0	35					35CrMoA

Heat treatment must be carried out when selecting alloy steel materials. When there are special corrosion resistance requirements for fasteners, stainless acid-resistant steels such as Cr17Ni2, 2Cr13, 1Cr18Ni9 can be selected.

TH Valve is a professional manufacturer of butterfly valve, gate valve, check valve, globe valve, knife gate valve, ball valve with API, JIS, DIN standard, used in Oil, Gas, Marine industry, Water supply and drainage, fire fighting, shipbuilding, water treatment and other systems, with Nominal Diameter of DN50 to DN1200, NBR/EPDM/VITON, Certificates & Approvals: DNV-GL, Lloyds, DNV, BV, API, ABS, CCS. Standards: EN 593, API609, API6D

Valve material and valve standards-(1)

August 26, 2020

What material is WCB/LCB/LCC/WC6/WC in the valve?
W, wrought casting; C, Carbon steel; A, B, C indicate the strength value of steel grades from low to high.

lug type butterfly valve-ductile iron

WCA, WCA, WCC represent carbon steel, ABC represents the strength level, and WCB is commonly used. The corresponding pipe material of WCB should be A106B, and the corresponding forging material should be A105.
WC6 is an alloy steel casting, the corresponding pipe material is about A355 P11, and the forging is A182 F11; there is also WC9, high temperature resistant alloy steel, the corresponding pipe material is about A355 P22, and the corresponding forging is A182 F22.
WC: weldable casting
LCB/LCC (ASTM A352) low temperature carbon steel
ITCS is carbon steel with impact toughness; impact test C=carbon S=steel (A350)
Split body split type, side entry side mounted (referring to the actuator), corresponding to TOP entry top mounted type

Commonly used valve casting and forging carbon steel material table

material	country	standard	material grade name
Casting	China	GB/T 12229	WCA	WCB	WCC
			ZG205-415	ZG250-485	ZG275-485
	USA	ASTM A216/A216M	WCA	WCB	WCC
			UNS J02502	UNS J03002	UNS J02503
Forged	China	GB/T 12228 GB/T 699	25 25Mn 35 40 A105
	USA	ASTM A105/A105M	A105

Low temperature casting parts material name and temperature range

C	C	C-Mn	C-Mo	2.5Ni	Ni-Cr-Mo	3.5Ni	4.5Ni	9Ni	Cr-Ni-Mo
LCA	LCB	LCC	LC1	LC2	LC2-1	LC3	LC4	LC9	CA6NM
J02504	J03303	J02505	J12522	J22500	j42215	j31550	j41500	j31300	j91540
-32	-46	-46	-59	-73	-73	-101	-115	-115	-73

Commonly used valve ASTM Casting and Forged material sheet (ASME B16.5)

ASTM Casting	ASTM Forged	China name	Temp °C	suitable medium
Carbon steel
A216 WCB	A105	20	-29/427	water,steam,air,petroleum products
Low temp Carbon steel
A352 LCB	A350 LF2	16Mn	-46/343
A352 LCC	A350 LF2	16Mn	-46/343
High temp alloy
A217 WC1	A182 F1	20MnMo	-29/454	High temp, High pressure medium
A217 WC6	A182 F11	15CrMo	-29/552	High temp, High pressure medium
A217 WC9	A182 F22	10Cr2Mo1	-29/593	High temp, High pressure medium
A217 C5	A182 F5	1Cr5Mo	-29/650	Corrosive high temperature medium
A217 C12	A182 F9	Cr9Mo1	-29/593	High sulfur oxidizing medium
Martensitic stainless steel
A217 CA15	A182 F6a	Cr9Mo1	-29/593	High sulfur oxidizing medium
Austenitic stainless steel（C≤0.08）
A351 CF8	A182 F304	0Cr18Ni9	-196/537	corrosive medium
A351 CF3	A182 F304L		-196/425	corrosive medium
A351 CF8M	A182 F316	0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti	-196/537	corrosive medium
A351 CF3M	A182 F316L		-196/425	corrosive medium
low carbon Austenitic stainless steel（C≤0.03）
A351 CF3	A182 F304L	00Cr18Ni10	-0.459016393	corrosive medium
A351 CF3M	A182 F316L	00Cr18Ni14Mo2	-196/454	corrosive medium
Special alloy
A351 CN7M	B462Gr.NO8020 (ALLOY20)		-29/149	Oxidizing medium and various concentrations of sulfuric acid
A494 M-30C (Monel alloy)	B4564 Gr.NO4400		-29/482	Hydrofluoric acid, Sea water
Hastelloy H.B H.C				Strong corrosive medium such as dilute sulfuric acid

Notes:
1. Forged valve body material is dense, not easy to have defects, the structure size is not limited by the mold, and the pressure bearing performance is reliable. It is mostly used for high pressure, oxygen working conditions, small diameter or other small batch valve manufacturing, generally at high temperature, Choose forgings under high pressure or low temperature or special medium; castings are generally only suitable for medium and low pressure, and are mostly used for mass production of standardized molded valves.

2. The difference between material A351 CF3M and A182 F316L: the materials corresponding to the two standards are 316 stainless steel. CF3M stands for castings and is often used as valve material. The corresponding forging steel code is A182 F316L. ASTM A216 WCB is a casting, and its forging is A105; the casting of SS304 is A351-CF8, and the forging is A182-F304.

Valve actuator / actuation -(8)- application areas

August 19, 2020

Application areas of valve actuators:
Electric actuators are mainly used in the following three areas:
1. Power plant
Typical applications are:
① Application in thermal power industry
Air blower damper damper, Primary air intake damper, Air preheat damper damper, Flue gas recirculation, Bypass

electric actuator for butterfly valve

damper damper, Secondary air intake damper, Main bellows damper damper, Burner adjustment lever, Burner swing drive, Hydraulic push rod drive, Impeller Machine speed control, flue gas control valve steam, control valve, ball valve and butterfly valve, control sliding gate
②Valve actuator applications in other power industries
Ball valve dust control water jet impeller speed control control large hydraulic valve gas control valve burner ignition start steam control valve condensate recirculation, deaerator, boiler feed water, superheat controller, reheat thermostat controller, and other related valve applications
2. Process control
Used in the production process control of chemical, petrochemical, mold, food, medicine, packaging and other industries, according to established logic instructions or computer programs to accurately position, start and stop valves, tools, pipes, baffles, chutes, platforms, etc. , Opening and closing, rotation, use the temperature, pressure, flow, size, radiation, brightness, chromaticity, roughness, density and other real-time parameters detected by the system to adjust the system to realize the control of intermittent, continuous and cyclic processing .
3. Industrial automation
It is used in a wide range of aviation, aerospace, military, machinery, metallurgy, mining, transportation, building materials, etc., to adjust and control the movement points (moving parts) of various automation equipment and systems.
Examples of main applications in process control and industrial automation are as follows:
① Application in the production of sulphur ore
Water injection flow control ball valve and butterfly valve control
②Application of Potassium Carbonate Pipeline Valve Actuator
Sliding gate diverter Gate ball valve and butterfly valve Ball control valve
③Application of water treatment valve actuator
Liquid flow control, pressure regulator pressure control, acid solution flow control
④Application of valve actuator in limestone/cement plant
Ball or butterfly valve controls the treatment of dry cement, gypsum, or liquid. Air supply and induced draft fan adjustable damper damper bypass damper damper Environmental pollution control and dust removal device sliding door to control the logistics of raw materials in hoppers and storage gates control raw materials in The gas control valve at the feed port adjusts the intake air volume of the burner on the converter. The steam control valve controls the steam required for the production process.
⑤Application of actuators in grain processing plants
Gate Diverter valve Distributor Material unloader/heater Dust removal isolation baffle Air flow control (logistics drying) Ball valve and butterfly valve control
⑥Application of damper and valve actuator in steel mill
Ball or butterfly valve controls, the control of cooling water, wastewater, or other cooling media. Adjustable damper baffle air supply and induced draft fan bypass damper damper, gate Environmental pollution control and dust removal device, Sliding door controls, the flow of raw materials at the inlet to the hopper ,The raw materials in the storage warehouse are subject to logistics control, gas control valve, steam control valve, adjustment of the burner on the converter, and control of the steam required for the production process
⑦The application of damper and valve actuator in aluminum factory
Air blower damper damper, Primary air intake damper, Air preheat damper damper, Flue gas recirculation, Bypass damper damper, Secondary air intake damper, Main bellows damper damper, Burner adjustment lever, Burner swing drive, Hydraulic push rod drive, Impeller Machine speed control flue gas control, valve steam, control valve ball valve, and butterfly valve control, sliding gate
⑧Application of process control baffle
Air replenishment Exhaust fan bypass Hot/cold air mixing Emergency shutdown
⑨Application in petroleum industry
Oil injection process flow control Gas lift pipeline main valve pressure control Water injection process flow control Oil well oil quality sampling test / production valve
⑩Application in natural gas production and transportation industry
Gas lift airflow flow control, Gas pipeline main valve pressure control, Compressor surge control, Natural gas pressure control, Natural gas pipeline main valve pressure control, Emergency shutdown, Natural gas pressure regulator control, Pressure control, Compressor surge control, Flow control

TH Valve is a professional manufacturer of butterfly valve, gate valve, check valve, globe valve, knife gate valve, ball valve with API, JIS, DIN standard, used in Oil, Gas, Marine industry, Water supply and drainage, fire fighting, shipbuilding, water treatment and other systems, with Nominal Diameter of DN50 to DN1200, NBR/EPDM/VITON, Certificates & Approvals: DNV-GL, Lloyds, DNV, BV, API, ABS, CCS. Standards: EN 593, API609, API6D

Valve actuator / actuation -(7)- generator

August 19, 2020

Generator for valve actuator:
1. The development history of generator controller The automatic control of generator set has experienced relay control. Greatly simplified the control circuit? Reliability has also been improved, to the point of more humanity,

electric actuator for butterfly valve

there are also some generator manufacturers produce small gasoline engine integrated machine, practical and convenient.

2. Diesel generator set structure Diesel generator set is generally composed of three parts: engine, generator and controller. The generator powered by the engine converts the mechanical energy of the engine into electrical energy. The controller is the brain part of the generator set. It not only provides engine start-up, shutdown, data measurement, data display and fault protection functions, but also provides generator power measurement, power display and power protection functions.

3. (i.e. only provide start-up, shutdown and high water temperature, low oil pressure, overspeed protection? Does not provide power display? Water temperature meter, oil pressure meter, hour meter, battery voltmeter, AC voltmeter, AC Ammeter and other instruments), standard type (providing power display, providing protection function? Without communication interface), high-end type (in addition to providing standard functions, but also providing communication interface? Remote control, remote measurement, remote signaling functions are available, some It also has a network interface? It can be monitored through the Internet? Some have a text message function, which is more suitable for unattended computer rooms in remote areas).

Fourth, the inspection steps of the diesel generator set test machine when purchasing diesel generator sets? The customer is most concerned about the price of the generator set? There are many kinds of generator sets according to the brand? And the price of the generator set with different diesel engine power is different , Diesel generator set manufacturers will introduce to you how to compare the prices of diesel generator sets.

One question: Ask about the purchase time of the old diesel engine, ask about the repairs in the past? Which main parts have been replaced? Ask what are the problems in use? In order to have a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of the old diesel engine.

Second look: look at the signs and appearance of the old diesel engine. See which factory produced it? When did it leave the factory? How long did it take? See if the paint on the exterior is peeling off? Is there any defect? Whether the model is eliminated, etc. Judge the degree of newness of the old diesel engine from the label and appearance.

Three trials: Test machine. Check the old diesel engine carefully by shaking the crankshaft, turning the flywheel, starting the machine, etc. Test machine is a very important step? The specific inspection steps are as follows:

1. Rotate the crankshaft to supply oil from the fuel injector. If the fuel injector makes a crisp sound? It means that the performance of the fuel injector and plunger pair is still good. If there is no abnormal noise such as “whipping” in the wheel chamber, it means that the gear wear is not serious.

2. Pull up and down to fly, if there is no noise, it means that the gap between the crankshaft main shaft and the bearing bush is not large.

3. Turn the flywheel so that the piston approaches the bottom dead center? Then shake the flywheel left and right? If there is no “click” sound, it means that the wear between the connecting rod shaft and the bushing is not serious.

4. Decompress the cylinder and sway the crankshaft. When decompression is removed, if the rebound force of the piston is large, the flywheel rotates rapidly, indicating that the degree of wear of the cylinder, piston, and piston ring is small. When cranking the crankshaft, the pointer of the oil pressure gauge should be no less than 1 or the red mark of the oil instruction can rise quickly, and the hand pressure should be laborious.

5. Start the machine, if it is easy to start? The smoke is colorless or light gray? The speed is stable and no noise? It shows that the technical condition of the old diesel engine is good. Remarks: During the testing process of diesel generator set, it is best to operate and track changes in data such as air pressure and oil pressure in the diesel generator controller. Therefore, the stability of the quality of the diesel generator controller has high requirements in terms of humanization and other aspects. This controller is highly evaluated in the market.

6. How to buy diesel generator sets What issues should companies pay attention to when purchasing diesel generator sets? Diesel generator sets are widely used in telecommunications, financial and financial departments, hospitals, schools, commerce and other departments, industrial and mining enterprises and other special purpose independent power supply. Enterprises must have their own standards when purchasing diesel generator sets.

1. The performance and quality of the diesel generator set to be purchased must meet the requirements of relevant standards. The diesel generator set for communication must meet the requirements of the G3 or G4 level in GB2820-1997? At the same time as the “Communication diesel generator set into the network The 24 performance index requirements stipulated in the Implementation Rules for Quality Certification and Testing? At the same time, it must pass the strict inspection of the Communication Power Equipment Quality Supervision and Inspection Center established by the Chinese industry authority. The purchase of diesel generator sets for military communications must meet the relevant GB2820-1997, GJB related standards and the provisions of the “Quality Inspection Standards for Communication Power Equipment” formulated by relevant military departments, and must pass the strict inspection of the equipment quality by the organization department.
2. The main factors that should be considered when purchasing diesel generator sets. The main factors that should be considered when purchasing diesel generator sets are mechanical and electrical performance, the purpose of the unit, the capacity and range of load changes, and automation functions.

1. The purpose of diesel generator set. Because diesel generator sets can be used in three situations: common use, standby and emergency. Therefore, different applications have different requirements for diesel generator sets.
2. Load capacity of diesel generator set. The load capacity and load variation range should be selected according to different uses. Determine the single engine capacity of the diesel generator set and the capacity of the standby diesel generator set.
3. Environmental conditions for the use of diesel generator sets. Mainly refers to altitude and climatic conditions.
4. Selection of diesel generator set
5. Pay attention to generator and excitation mode when purchasing diesel generator set
6. Selection of the automation function of diesel generator set

TH Valve is a professional manufacturer of butterfly valve, gate valve, check valve, globe valve, knife gate valve, ball valve with API, JIS, DIN standard, used in Oil, Gas, Marine industry, Water supply and drainage, fire fighting, shipbuilding, water treatment and other systems, with Nominal Diameter of DN50 to DN1200, NBR/EPDM/VITON, Certificates & Approvals: DNV-GL, Lloyds, DNV, BV, API, ABS, CCS. Standards: EN 593, API609, API6D

Posts

The main classification and use conditions of valve sealing materials

Valve material and valve standards-(9)- general valve & parts materials

Valve material and valve standards-(8)- Monel alloy application

Valve material and valve standards-(7)- Monel alloy

Valve material and valve standards-(6)-gasket material

Valve material and valve standards-(5)-packing material

Valve material and valve standards-(4)-fastener material

Valve material and valve standards-(1)

Valve actuator / actuation -(8)- application areas

Valve actuator / actuation -(7)- generator

TH VALVE • PROFESSIONAL VALVE MANUFACTURER

GET IN TOUCH WITH US